Izinga lokukhula kwe-China kumazwe angaphandle kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zalo nyaka liye lehla xa lithelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo.Ingakumbi ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi ezifana nomgaqo-nkqubo waseTshayina “oziro” wothintelo nolawulo lobhubhane, imozulu egqithisileyo, kunye nokuncipha kwemfuno yaphesheya kweelwandle, ukukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina kwehle kakhulu ngo-Agasti.Nangona kunjalo, imboni ye-photovoltaic iphumelele iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngokutsho kwedatha yezithethe zaseTshayina, kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kweeseli zelanga zaseChina kunyuke kakhulu nge-91.2% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, apho ukuthunyelwa kweYurophu kunyuke nge-138%.Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla eYurophu ngenxa yemfazwe yaseUkraine, imfuno yeshishini le-photovoltaic eYurophu yomelele, kunye nexabiso le-polysilicon, izinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa.iiphaneli zelanga, nayo iqhubekile nokunyuka.
Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina iphumelele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye iziko lokuvelisa imodyuli ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi lidluliselwe ukusuka eYurophu nase-United States ukuya e-China.Okwangoku, i-China lelona lizwe likhulu kwishishini le-photovoltaic lehlabathi, iYurophu yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuthunyelwa kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic yaseChina, kunye namazwe asahlumayo anjengeIndiya kunye neBrazil anemfuno enamandla yentengiso.Amazwe aseYurophu anomthamo olinganiselweyo wokuvelisa, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla kufakwe kwi-ajenda ye-EU, kwaye ikhwelo lokubuyela kwishishini lokuvelisa i-photovoltaic laseYurophu liye lavela.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane okubangelwa yintlekele yaseUkraine kubangele ukuba iYurophu ithathele ingqalelo ukwahluka kwemithombo yamandla.Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba ingxaki yamandla yithuba leYurophu yokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla.IYurophu iceba ukuyeka ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo yaseRashiya ngo-2030, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-40% yombane wayo uya kuvela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo.Amazwe angamalungu e-EU asebenzela ukwandisa isabelo semarike samandla elanga nawomoya, awenza abe ngumthombo obalulekileyo wombane wexesha elizayo.
U-Fang Sichun, umhlalutyi kwi-photovoltaic consulting firm infoLink, uthe: "Ixabiso eliphezulu lombane liye lachaphazela abantu baseYurophu.iifektri ze-photovoltaicukumisa imveliso kunye nokunciphisa umthamo womthwalo, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ye-photovoltaic supply chain alifikelelanga kwimveliso epheleleyo.Ukuze imelane nale ngxaki ikhoyo, iYurophu inalo nyaka.Imfuno ye-photovoltaics inethemba kakhulu, kwaye i-InfoLink iqikelela imfuno yeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic eYurophu kulo nyaka.
Ngokutsho kukaNjingalwazi uKaren Pittel waseJamani ifo Institute for Economic Research kunye neLeibniz Institute for Economic Research yeYunivesithi yaseMunich, emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe yaseUkraine, ukwamkelwa koluntu kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwanda kwakhona, okungahambelani kuphela imiba yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kodwa ikwabandakanya nomba wokhuseleko lwamandla.UKaren Pieter wathi: “Xa abantu becinga ngokukhawulezisa utshintsho lwamandla, baya kuqwalasela iingenelo neengozi zako.Iinzuzo kukwamkelwa okuphezulu, ukukhuphisana okungcono, kwaye i-EU igxininise ngakumbi kuyo.Ngokomzekelo, iJamani ikhawuleza ukudala iimeko (imveliso ye-photovoltaic) Inkqubo yesicelo ikhawuleza.Kukho izinto ezisilelayo, ngakumbi imeko yezemali ekhoyo ngamaxesha obunzima, kunye nomba wokwamkelwa koluntu ngokwamkelwa kokufakwa kwezixhobo kumakhaya abo. ”
UKaren Pieter ukhankanye into eyenzeka eJamani, efana nokuba abantu bamkela umbono wamandla omoya, kodwa bengayithandi into yokuba izityalo zamandla omoya zikufuphi namakhaya abo.Ngaphezu koko, xa abantu bengayazi imbuyekezo yexesha elizayo, utyalo-mali lunokulumka ngakumbi kwaye luthandabuze.Ewe, amandla ahlaziyekayo akhuphisana ngakumbi xa amandla e-fossil fuel ebiza kakhulu.
Ifotovoltaic yaseTshayinajikelele ehamba phambili
Onke amazwe aphuhlisa ngamandla ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ukuze kuphunyezwe iithagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-emission.Okwangoku, amandla okuvelisa i-photovoltaic yehlabathi agxininiswe kakhulu e-China.Uhlalutyo lukholelwa ukuba oku kuya kwandisa ngakumbi ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso zaseTshayina.Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-International Energy Organisation, i-China sele ibala ngaphezu kwe-80% yamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuvelisa iipaneli zelanga, kwaye ezinye iinqununu ezithile ezibalulekileyo zilindeleke ukuba ziphendule ngaphezu kwe-95% ngo-2025. Idatha ibangele i-alamu phakathi kwabahlalutyi, abalatha ukuba isantya saseYurophu sokuphuhlisa ukwenziwa kwePV sicotha kakhulu kuneseTshayina.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Eurostat, i-75% yeepaneli zelanga ezingeniswe kwi-EU kwi-2020 zivela eChina.
Okwangoku, amandla elanga aseTshayina kunye namandla okuvelisa izixhobo zomoya kukhokele imarike yehlabathi, kwaye inolawulo olupheleleyo kwikhonkco lonikezelo.Ngokwengxelo ye-International Energy Organisation, ukusukela ngo-2021, i-China ine-79% yomthamo wemveliso ye-polysilicon yehlabathi, i-akhawunti ye-97% yemveliso ye-wafer yehlabathi, kwaye ivelisa i-85% yeeseli zelanga zehlabathi.Imfuno edityanisiweyo yeephaneli zelanga eYurophu nakuMntla Melika idlula isinye kwisithathu semfuno yehlabathi, kwaye le mimandla mibini iphakathi komyinge ongaphantsi kwe-3% nganye kuzo zonke izigaba zokwenza iipaneli zelanga.
U-Alexander Brown, umphandi kwi-Mercator Institute yaseChina eJamani, wathi iinkokeli ze-EU zasabela ngokukhawuleza kwimfazwe yase-Ukraine kwaye zaqalisa isicwangciso esitsha sokujongana nokuxhomekeka kwamandla eRashiya, kodwa oku akuzange kubonise ukuba amandla aseYurophu A ubuthathaka obukhulu ekukhuseleni, kodwa oku akuzange kubonise ukuba amandla aseYurophu anamandla amakhulu. apho i-European Union iphuhlise isicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba yi-REPowerEU, ejolise ukufikelela kwi-320 GW yomthamo wokuvelisa amandla elanga ngo-2025 kwaye inyuke ukuya kuma-600 GW ngo-2030..
Iimarike ezinkulu ezimbini zaseYurophu naseMntla Melika okwangoku zithembele kakhulu ekungenweni kwemveliso yaseTshayina ye-photovoltaic, kwaye amandla okuvelisa asekhaya eYurophu akude ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo.Amazwe aseYurophu naseMntla Melika aqalisile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthembela kwiimveliso zaseTshayina akusiso isisombululo sexesha elide, ngoko ke afuna ngenkuthalo izisombululo zonikezelo lwendawo.
U-Alexander Brown wabonisa ukuba ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kweYurophu kwiimveliso zePV zaseTshayina ziye zaphakamisa inkxalabo yezopolitiko eYurophu, ethathwa njengengozi yokhuseleko, nangona ingasongelo kwiziseko zophuhliso lwaseYurophu njengesongelo se-cybersecurity, i-China inokusebenzisa iipaneli zelanga njenge-lever yokuhamba eYurophu. .“Ngokwenene lo ngumngcipheko wonikezelo, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, izisa ixabiso eliphezulu kwishishini laseYurophu.Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, nje ukuba ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eChina kunqunyulwe, kuya kuzisa ixabiso eliphezulu kwiinkampani zaseYurophu kwaye kunokucothisa uFakelo lofakelo lwelanga lwaseYurophu”.
Ukubuyela kwakhona kwePV yaseYurophu
Ukubhala kwi-PV Magazine, i-photovoltaic industry magazine, uJulius Sakalauskas, i-CEO yomvelisi wepaneli yelanga yaseLithuania i-SoliTek, ibonise inkxalabo malunga nokuxhomekeka kakhulu kweYurophu kwiimveliso zePV zaseTshayina.Eli nqaku labonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwempahla evela eTshayina kunokuchatshazelwa liza leentsholongwane kunye nesiphithiphithi solungiselelo, kunye neengxabano zezopolitiko, njengoko iLithuania ifumene.
Eli nqaku libonise ukuba ukuphunyezwa okuthe ngqo kwesicwangciso samandla elanga se-EU kufuneka siqwalaselwe ngokucophelela.Akucaci ukuba iKhomishoni yaseYurophu iya kwabela njani imali yokuphuhliswa kweefotovoltaics kumazwe angamalungu.Kuphela ngenkxaso yemali ekhuphisanayo yexesha elide kwimveliso iya kubuya imveliso ye-photovoltaic yaseYurophu.Umthamo omkhulu wemveliso unokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho.I-EU ibeke injongo yesicwangciso sokuvuselela imboni ye-photovoltaic eYurophu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindleko, ngenxa yokubaluleka kweqhinga loqoqosho.Iinkampani zaseYurophu azikwazi ukukhuphisana neenkampani zaseAsia ngexabiso, kwaye abavelisi kufuneka bacinge malunga nezisombululo ezizinzileyo kunye nezintsha zexesha elide.
UAlexander Brown ukholelwa ukuba akunakuphepheka ukuba iChina iya kulawula imarike kwixesha elifutshane, kwaye iYurophu iya kuqhubeka nokungenisa inani elikhulu lexabiso eliphantsi.Iimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina, ngelixa ukhawuleza inkqubo yokukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo.Ngexesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide, iYurophu inamanyathelo okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo e-China, kubandakanywa amandla okwakhiwa kweYurophu kunye ne-European Union's European Solar Initiative.Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba iYurophu iya kwahlulwa ngokupheleleyo kubaboneleli baseTshayina, kwaye ubuncinci inqanaba elithile lokuqina linokusekwa, kwaye ke ezinye iindlela zokubonelela zinokusekwa.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu kule veki ivume ngokusemthethweni ukusekwa kwe-Photovoltaic Industry Alliance, iqela labathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi elibandakanya yonke imboni ye-PV, ngenjongo yokunyusa i-innovative.iimveliso zelanga PVkunye nobugcisa bokuvelisa imodyuli, ukukhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwamandla elanga kwi-EU kunye nokuphucula ukomelela kwenkqubo yamandla e-EU.
UFang Sichun uthe imarike iyaqhubeka ukuba nabavelisi bokuqokelela kwaye baqonde amandla okubonelela phesheya angenziwanga eTshayina.“Abasebenzi baseYurophu, umbane kunye nezinye iindleko zemveliso ziphezulu, kwaye iindleko zotyalo-mali zezixhobo zeeseli ziphezulu.Indlela yokunciphisa iindleko iya kuba luvavanyo olukhulu.Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo waseYurophu kukwenza i-20 GW ye-silicon wafer, iseli, kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa imodyuli eYurophu ngo-2025. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, kukho izicwangciso ezicacileyo zokwandisa kwaye kuphela abavelisi abambalwa baye baqala ukuzisebenzisa, kunye nemiyalelo yezixhobo zangempela. abakabonakali.Ukuba imveliso yasekhaya eYurophu iza kuphucuka, kusafuneka ibone ukuba iManyano yaseYurophu inemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso efanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseYurophu, iimveliso zaseTshayina zinenzuzo epheleleyo yokhuphiswano kwixabiso.U-Alexander Brown ukholelwa ukuba i-automation kunye nemveliso yobuninzi inokomeleza ukukhuphisana kweemveliso zaseYurophu."Ndicinga ukuba i-automation iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo, kwaye ukuba amaziko emveliso eYurophu okanye kwamanye amazwe asebenza kakhulu kwaye anomlinganiselo owaneleyo, oku kuya kunciphisa izibonelelo zaseTshayina malunga neendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi kunye noqoqosho lwesikali.Imveliso yaseTshayina yeemodyuli zelanga nazo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiifosili Amandla e-Fuel.Ukuba izixhobo ezintsha zokuvelisa kwamanye amazwe zinokuvelisa iipaneli zelanga kumandla avuselelweyo, oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint, eya kuba yinzuzo yokukhuphisana.Oku kuya kuhlawula kwiindlela ezizayo ze-EU ezizayo ezifana nemida yekhabhoni Indlela yoLungiso lweCarbon Border, eya kohlwaya ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu yeemveliso ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle.
U-Karen Pieter uthe iindleko zabasebenzi zokuvelisa iipaneli zelanga eYurophu ziye zehla kakhulu, eziza kunceda ukunyusa ukukhuphisana kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseYurophu.Ukubuyiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic eYurophu kufuna utyalo-mali oluninzi kwaye kufuneka ibe nenkunzi eyaneleyo.Inqanaba lokuqala loshishino linokufuna inkxaso yeEuropean Union notyalo-mali oluvela kwamanye amazwe.Ukuthatha iJamani njengomzekelo, uKaren Pieter uthe iinkampani ezininzi zaseJamani ziqokelele ulwazi olwaneleyo lobugcisa kunye namava kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zavalwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, kodwa ulwazi lobugcisa lusekho.
UKaren Pieter uthe iindleko zabasebenzi zehle phantse ngama-90% kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, “Ngoku sikwixesha apho iiphaneli zesola kufuneka zithunyelwe ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu.Kwixesha elidlulileyo iindleko zabasebenzi zazilawulwa kwaye ukuthutha kwakungabalulekanga kangako, kodwa kwimeko yokuhla kweendleko zabasebenzi, imithwalo ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili, eyona nto ingundoqo kukhuphiswano. "
UAlexander Brown uthe iYurophu kunye neUnited States zineenzuzo ezinamandla kuphando kunye nophuhliso.IYurophu, iUnited States kunye neJapan zinokusebenzisana neTshayina ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezitsha ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye zilungele indalo.Ewe, oorhulumente baseYurophu banokukhusela iYurophu ukuba bafuna ukukhuphisana kwinqanaba lobugcisa.ishishini okanye ukunika inkxaso.
Ingxelo ye-InfoLink, i-photovoltaic industry consultancy, ibonise ukuba kukho inkuthazo kubavelisi baseYurophu ukwandisa imveliso eYurophu, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa amandla amakhulu emarike yaseYurophu, umgaqo-nkqubo we-EU wokuxhasa uphuhliso lwendawo, kunye nokwamkelwa kwexabiso lemarike ephezulu.Ukwahlula kwemveliso kusenethuba lokuba yi-photovoltaic production giant.
UFang Sichun uthe okwangoku akukho mgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo uthile eYurophu, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba inkxaso-mali yomgaqo-nkqubo iya kunika abavelisi inkuthazo ukuba baphumeze izicwangciso zokwandisa imveliso enxulumeneyo, kunye nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha nako kunokuba nethuba lokuba abavelisi ukuba bafezekise iinjongo zabo. fikelela ezikoneni.Nangona kunjalo, unikezelo olungafezekanga lwemathiriyeli eluhlaza phesheya, amaxabiso aphezulu ombane, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano kuya kuhlala kufihlakele kwixa elizayo.
Uphuhliso lweIshishini lePV laseTshayina
Ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina yayisesebuncinaneni bayo, kwaye iimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseChina zibalelwa kwisabelo esincinci kakhulu semarike yehlabathi.Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, imboni ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi iye yatshintsha kakhulu.Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina yaqala ukufumana inqanaba lokukhula okukhohlakeleyo.Ngo-2008, i-China's photovoltaic industry Umthamo wemveliso sele ugqithise iJamani, ubeka indawo yokuqala kwihlabathi, kwaye umthamo wemveliso uthatha malunga nesiqingatha sehlabathi.Ngokusasazeka kwengxaki yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kwi-2008, iinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina ziye zachaphazeleka.I-State Council yase-China idwelise imboni ye-photovoltaic njengoshishino olunomthamo ogqithiseleyo kwi-2009. Ukususela ngo-2011, uqoqosho olukhulu lwehlabathi olufana ne-United States, i-European Union, i-Japan, kunye ne-Indiya luqalise uphando oluchasayo lokulahla kunye ne-anti-subsidy kwi-photovoltaic yaseChina. ishishini.Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina iye yawela kwixesha lokudideka.ukutshona.
Urhulumente waseTshayina uye waxhasa kwaye waxhasa imboni ye-photovoltaic iminyaka emininzi.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso loshishino lwe-photovoltaic, oorhulumente basekhaya bakhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo ekhangayo kunye neemeko mboleko yeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic xa kutsala utyalo-mali ngenxa yeempumelelo zabo zezopolitiko.Imimandla yeDelta yoMlambo waseYangtze njengeJiangsu kunye neZhejiang.Ukongezelela, ingxaki yongcoliseko olubangelwa kukuveliswa kweepaneli zelanga iye yabangela uqhankqalazo olukhulu lwabahlali.
Ngo-2013, iBhunga leSizwe laseTshayina lakhupha umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali yokuveliswa kwamandla ephotovoltaic, kwaye amandla okuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic eChina afakwe kwi-19 yezigidi ngo-2013 ukuya malunga ne-310 yezigidi zeekilowatts ngo-2021. amandla omoya ukusuka ngo-2021.
Ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthazayo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente waseTshayina kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji yeimboni ye-photovoltaic, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo loshishino lwemveliso ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi liye lahla nge-80% kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, okukhokelela ekunyuseni okubonakalayo kwimveliso yokuvelisa i-photovoltaic.IYurophu ingaphantsi nge-35%, i-20% ingaphantsi kune-US, kwaye i-10% ingaphantsi kune-Indiya.
I-United States, i-European Union kunye ne-China zonke iithagethi ezimiselweyo zokulawula ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo de bafikelele ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.Ulawulo lweBiden lunenjongo yokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.Injongo ebekwe ngurhulumente wase-US kukuba ngo-2035, wonke umbane e-United States uya kubonelelwa ngelanga, umoya kunye namandla enyukliya, kunye ne-zero emissions.Kwi-EU, ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kudlule kumafutha efosili okokuqala ngqa ngo-2020, kwaye i-EU iya kuphinda inyuse isabelo semarike samandla ahlaziyekayo, ngamandla elanga nawomoya ibe yeyona nto ekujoliswe kuyo.I-European Commission iphakamisa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse nge-50% ngo-2030 kwaye ifezekise ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2050. I-China iphakamisa ukuba ngo-2030, umlinganiselo we-non-fossil yamandla ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla okuqala uya kufikelela malunga ne-25%, umthamo ofakiweyo womoya. amandla kunye namandla elanga aya kufikelela ngaphezu kwe-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeekilowatts, kwaye ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuya kufezekiswa ngo-2060.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-28-2022